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Treatment of ALK positive non‑small cell lung cancer
03/2021 MUDr. Markéta Černovská
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations were first described in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007. ALK inhibitors are anti-cancer drugs that act on tumours with variations of ALK such as an EML4-ALK translocation. ALK inhibitors have shown significant benefits in the management of ALK-positive NSCLC compared to conventional chemotherapy. Crizotinib was the first ALK inhibitor which compared to standard chemotherapy prolonged progression-free survival. However, many patients with ALK-positive experience clinical progression and frequent brain metastases in the first year of treatment with crizotinib during the poor accumulation of the drug in the central nervous system (CNS). Second-generation (alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib) and the third-generation ALK inhibitors (lorlatinib), have increased potency and higher CNS activity compared to the first-generation crizotinib. A sequencing of ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive NSCLC prolonged an overall survival.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations were first described in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007. ALK inhibitors are anti-cancer drugs that act on tumours with variations of ALK such as an EML4-ALK translocation. ALK inhibitors have shown significant benefits in the management of ALK-positive NSCLC compared to conventional chemotherapy. Crizotinib was the first ALK inhibitor which compared to standard chemotherapy prolonged progression-free survival. However, many patients with ALK-positive experience clinical progression and frequent brain metastases in the first year of treatment with crizotinib during the poor accumulation of the drug in the central nervous system (CNS). Second-generation (alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib) and the third-generation ALK inhibitors (lorlatinib), have increased potency and higher CNS activity compared to the first-generation crizotinib. A sequencing of ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive NSCLC prolonged an overall survival.
Clinical dilemma of lung cancer treatment with anti‑PD‑1 therapy (nivolumab) in the discovery of rheumatological problems with joint swelling
02/2020 MUDr. Markéta Černovská
Immunotherapy is the use of medicines to stimulate a person's own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. Nivolumab can be used in people with certain types of advanced NSCLC whose cancer starts growing again after chemotherapy. But immunotherapy drugs can cause side effects, including rare complications that, for some patients, may be life threatening, but most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and respond to treatments such as steroids. It’s very important to report any new side as soon as possible. Although rheumatic immune-related adverse events are rarely life-threatening, patients' quality of life can be considerably restricted due to pain, stiffness and limited mobility.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Immunotherapy is the use of medicines to stimulate a person's own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. Nivolumab can be used in people with certain types of advanced NSCLC whose cancer starts growing again after chemotherapy. But immunotherapy drugs can cause side effects, including rare complications that, for some patients, may be life threatening, but most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and respond to treatments such as steroids. It’s very important to report any new side as soon as possible. Although rheumatic immune-related adverse events are rarely life-threatening, patients' quality of life can be considerably restricted due to pain, stiffness and limited mobility.
Neuroendocrine lung tumors – current treatment options
06/2018 MUDr. Markéta Černovská
Neuroendocrine tumors are neoplasm that arise from cell of the endocrine and nervous systems. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors include a spectrum of tumors from the low-grade typical carcinoid and intermediate-grade atypical carcinoid to the high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma. The most common neuroendocrine lung tumor is SCLC, which accounts for 15-20% of invasive lung malignancies. Immunotherapy has proved to be a promising therapeutic modality in lung cancer well. Treatment with the blockade of immune checkpoints involves monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen) and antibodies blocking the PD-1 receptor (programmed cell death membrane protein) and its ligand PD-L1.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Neuroendocrine tumors are neoplasm that arise from cell of the endocrine and nervous systems. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors include a spectrum of tumors from the low-grade typical carcinoid and intermediate-grade atypical carcinoid to the high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma. The most common neuroendocrine lung tumor is SCLC, which accounts for 15-20% of invasive lung malignancies. Immunotherapy has proved to be a promising therapeutic modality in lung cancer well. Treatment with the blockade of immune checkpoints involves monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen) and antibodies blocking the PD-1 receptor (programmed cell death membrane protein) and its ligand PD-L1.
Erlotinib in the treatment of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer – current possibilities of its use, experience in the Czech Republic
02/2018 MUDr. Markéta Černovská
Target therapy is a subcellular approach to the treatment of cancer. It is targeted on the intracellular mechanisms of signal transduction inhibiting. This treatment targets the natural regulatory mechanisms controlling metabolism, proliferation and migration of cancer cells. The most data are available on the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for antitumor strategies. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor has become an important target in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Erlotinib is small molecular agents that target the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer as a first, second- or third-line regimen alone or combined with bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Target therapy is a subcellular approach to the treatment of cancer. It is targeted on the intracellular mechanisms of signal transduction inhibiting. This treatment targets the natural regulatory mechanisms controlling metabolism, proliferation and migration of cancer cells. The most data are available on the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for antitumor strategies. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor has become an important target in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Erlotinib is small molecular agents that target the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer as a first, second- or third-line regimen alone or combined with bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.