Some current aspects of colorectal carcinoma surgery

06/2017

Prof. MUDr. Miroslav Ryska, CSc., MUDr. Daniel Langer, MUDr. Jaroslav Kalvach

Chirurgická klinika 2. LF UK a Ústřední vojenské nemocnice - Vojenské fakultní nemocnice, Praha

SUMMARY

The authors deal with some current aspects of surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Right-side tumours including coecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transversum and spleen flexure are clinically, biologically and genetically distinct from tumours in the left-handed localization, which includes a descending colon, sigma and rectum. Right-hand localization is a negative prognostic marker, especially for stage III and IV carcinomas. Regardless of right-handed treatment, compared to the left-hand side, it significantly increases the risk of death. There are currently no clear recommendations for indication for the protective ileostomy. Despite some proven benefits, the protective stoma probably only reduces the frequency of clinically manifest anastomotic leakage. The benefit of ileostomy should be carefully considered in the knowledge of possible risks and complications. The rate of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery is literally in the range of 1-19 % depending on the type of resection, respectively on anatomical localization of anastomosis. In the case of anastomotic leakage, a crucial role is played by early diagnosis with an active treatment approach which can minimize the consequences of anastomotic leakage. The surgical treatment of the most serious cases of anastomotic leakage plays a key role in surgical treatment, which needs to be repeated in many cases.

KEY WORDS

colorectal carcinoma, primary tumor localization, ileostomy, risk of dehiscence, surgery