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Articles for label Staněk Libor are displayed.. Show all articles
Mechanism of HPV infection associated with head and neck tumors
01/2019 RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk; Mgr. Kristýna Glendová; prof. MUDr. Robert Gurlich, CSc.; prof. MUDr. František Mateička, CSc.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus with a tropism to skin epithelia and mucosa of genital tract or upper airways. It is transmitted mainly by sexual intercourse and enters the body through microscopic injuries. Based on their ability to induce cancer these were further divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Low-risk subgroup is responsible for the presence of viral verrucas. The high-risk subgroup is related to malignant anogenital dysplasias and also dysplasias in areas of head and neck. It is speculated that based on the change in profile of patients with HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) papilloma viruses increase the risk of cancer development and are causally related to the development of HNSCC independent of the two main carcinogens - tabaco and alcohol. Interestingly HPV positive HNSCC patients have dissimilar molecular characteristics and are related to better prognosis, therapy response and higher overall survival. They may profit from anti-EGFR therapy by cetuximab, but without defined predictors, such as those known in CRC patients.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus with a tropism to skin epithelia and mucosa of genital tract or upper airways. It is transmitted mainly by sexual intercourse and enters the body through microscopic injuries. Based on their ability to induce cancer these were further divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Low-risk subgroup is responsible for the presence of viral verrucas. The high-risk subgroup is related to malignant anogenital dysplasias and also dysplasias in areas of head and neck. It is speculated that based on the change in profile of patients with HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) papilloma viruses increase the risk of cancer development and are causally related to the development of HNSCC independent of the two main carcinogens - tabaco and alcohol. Interestingly HPV positive HNSCC patients have dissimilar molecular characteristics and are related to better prognosis, therapy response and higher overall survival. They may profit from anti-EGFR therapy by cetuximab, but without defined predictors, such as those known in CRC patients.
Cellular mechanisms and signal pathways transduction in pancreatic cancer
01/2018 As. RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk, PCTM; prof. MUDr. Robert Gurlich, DrSc.; doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.; Mgr. Zdeněk Musil; prof. MUDr. Luboš Petruželka, CSc.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.
Advances in oncological treatment of head and neck carcinomas
01/2018 MUDr. Petra Holečková, Ph.D., MBA; as. RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk, PCTM
Carcinoma of the head and neck is a one of cause of cancer-associated illness and death. Most patients present with locoregionally advanced disease, and more than 50% have recurrence within 3 years. Standard of curative care are surgery and radiotherapy. Patients with head and neck carcinoma who progressed or have metastatic disease are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy in combination event. with cetuximab. New treatments agents are checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Important role in diagnostics and therapy can play molecular biology and genetics.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Carcinoma of the head and neck is a one of cause of cancer-associated illness and death. Most patients present with locoregionally advanced disease, and more than 50% have recurrence within 3 years. Standard of curative care are surgery and radiotherapy. Patients with head and neck carcinoma who progressed or have metastatic disease are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy in combination event. with cetuximab. New treatments agents are checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Important role in diagnostics and therapy can play molecular biology and genetics.
Localization of right/left side of colorectal carcinomas and its importance in prognosis and therapy disease
05/2017 RNDr. Ing. Bc. Libor Staněk, prof. MUDr. Robert Gürlich, CSc., doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Colorectal cancer is a serious global disease with high incidence and mortality. With the development of diagnostics in molecular oncology, we try to find predictive and prognostic factors in the search for the most effective therapy. At present, it is a molecular testing of tumors prior to considering anti-EGFR therapy. The latest available studies, however, show that the carcinoma located in the right part of the intestine has a lower sensitivity and response to this treatment than the carcinoma on its left. The essence of this phenomenon remains a question. If these changes can be identified, they can be used to optimize therapy.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Colorectal cancer is a serious global disease with high incidence and mortality. With the development of diagnostics in molecular oncology, we try to find predictive and prognostic factors in the search for the most effective therapy. At present, it is a molecular testing of tumors prior to considering anti-EGFR therapy. The latest available studies, however, show that the carcinoma located in the right part of the intestine has a lower sensitivity and response to this treatment than the carcinoma on its left. The essence of this phenomenon remains a question. If these changes can be identified, they can be used to optimize therapy.
BRCA1/2 tumor mutation and „BRCAness“ of triple negative breast cancer
04/2017 RNDr. Ing. Bc. Libor Staněk, doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Triple negative breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 15-20 % of all breast carcinoma and is characterized by loss of expression of a-estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, predominantly low differentiation, mostly in the basal form of the subgroup. They are more common in younger women and are associated with the occurrence of hereditary or sporadic forms of breast cancer caused by a pathogenic mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene or another genetic disorder leading to HR-deficient tumors.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Triple negative breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 15-20 % of all breast carcinoma and is characterized by loss of expression of a-estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, predominantly low differentiation, mostly in the basal form of the subgroup. They are more common in younger women and are associated with the occurrence of hereditary or sporadic forms of breast cancer caused by a pathogenic mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene or another genetic disorder leading to HR-deficient tumors.