Selected articles
Articles for label Krákorová Gabriela are displayed.. Show all articles
Biologically targeted treatment in non‑small cell lung cancer or „do we always have mutations and PD-L1 examined?“ – case report
05/2021 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.
Metastatic or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) generally has a very poor prognosis. Five-year survival in stage IV is in the order of percentage units (less than 5%). Lung tumors with control mutations present are „different" tumors, with different behavior and prognosis. Treatment should always be initiated with knowledge of the mutation status and expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 expression should be reflexively determined in all NSCLC at the time of diagnosis by a pathologist and EGFR, ALK, ROS mutations reflexively in non-squamous NSCLC. The article presents a case report of a patient, where the omission of this examination may lead to the wrong choice of treatment scheme, but at least to a delay in the start of treatment. The article further discusses the possibilities of biologically targeted treatment for individual types of control mutations in lung cancer - EFGR, ALK, ROS, BRAF, KRAS, etc.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Metastatic or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) generally has a very poor prognosis. Five-year survival in stage IV is in the order of percentage units (less than 5%). Lung tumors with control mutations present are „different" tumors, with different behavior and prognosis. Treatment should always be initiated with knowledge of the mutation status and expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 expression should be reflexively determined in all NSCLC at the time of diagnosis by a pathologist and EGFR, ALK, ROS mutations reflexively in non-squamous NSCLC. The article presents a case report of a patient, where the omission of this examination may lead to the wrong choice of treatment scheme, but at least to a delay in the start of treatment. The article further discusses the possibilities of biologically targeted treatment for individual types of control mutations in lung cancer - EFGR, ALK, ROS, BRAF, KRAS, etc.
Long‑term surviving patient with EGFR mutation – deletion on exon 19 and acquired resistant mutation T790 – case report
06/2020 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.; doc. MUDr. Jan Baxa, Ph.D.; prof. MUDr. Miloš Pešek, CSc.
Metastatic lung cancer has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of about 5%. Pulmonary malignancies with a control mutation for which biologically targeted drugs are available have a better prognosis, as shown by a case report of a patient with a sensitive control EGFR mutation. Tumor biopsy and peripheral blood sampling, liquid biopsy, were performed repeatedly during treatment to detect the acquired T790 resistance mutation, among other things. The patient survives with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma for eight years, still with a good quality of life. The case report shows that due to a suitably selected treatment sequence according to the presumed or known genetic profile of the tumor, even metastatic lung cancer can change from such a serious disease to a chronic one.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Metastatic lung cancer has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of about 5%. Pulmonary malignancies with a control mutation for which biologically targeted drugs are available have a better prognosis, as shown by a case report of a patient with a sensitive control EGFR mutation. Tumor biopsy and peripheral blood sampling, liquid biopsy, were performed repeatedly during treatment to detect the acquired T790 resistance mutation, among other things. The patient survives with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma for eight years, still with a good quality of life. The case report shows that due to a suitably selected treatment sequence according to the presumed or known genetic profile of the tumor, even metastatic lung cancer can change from such a serious disease to a chronic one.
Palliative care in pneumooncology
05/2020 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.
Palliative care is provided to patients with incurable disease and focuses on quality of life of patients and their families. It is not a “victory medicine”, it does not deny the death and does not try to postpone dying, but it is neither a “nihilistic medicine” in the sense of “there is nothing more we can do”. It is an active medicine, which seeks to decrease suffering. The article is than focusing on categorization of palliative care and, in detail, on the palliative care plan. This plan is made individually, based on the patienťs clinical status and in consonance with his or her preferences. A patient with lung cancer is usually significantly symptomatic. According to the published data, it is evident, that the early palliative care in lung cancer patients does not only lead to improvement of the quality of life and lower incidence of depression but it also prolongs survival. It is important to emphasize that superior palliative care cannot be delivered in health-care departments without the adequate number of educated caregivers, who have a high professional and human quality.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Palliative care is provided to patients with incurable disease and focuses on quality of life of patients and their families. It is not a “victory medicine”, it does not deny the death and does not try to postpone dying, but it is neither a “nihilistic medicine” in the sense of “there is nothing more we can do”. It is an active medicine, which seeks to decrease suffering. The article is than focusing on categorization of palliative care and, in detail, on the palliative care plan. This plan is made individually, based on the patienťs clinical status and in consonance with his or her preferences. A patient with lung cancer is usually significantly symptomatic. According to the published data, it is evident, that the early palliative care in lung cancer patients does not only lead to improvement of the quality of life and lower incidence of depression but it also prolongs survival. It is important to emphasize that superior palliative care cannot be delivered in health-care departments without the adequate number of educated caregivers, who have a high professional and human quality.
Atypical response to anti‑PD‑1 therapy followed by long‑term survival in non‑small cell lung cancer – case reports
02/2020 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.; MUDr. Marek Šťastný, Ph.D.; MUDr. Hana Steinbergerová; MUDr. Jana Důrová; prof. MUDr. Miloš Pešek, CSc.; doc. MUDr. Jan Baxa, Ph.D.
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer has poor prognosis. In the absence of driving mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS, BRAF) or high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), chemotherapy or its combination with bevacizumab is the initial treatment option with respect to reimbursement conditions in the Czech Republic. The second line possibility is the use of immunotherapy with inhibitors of protein 1 of programmed cell death (anti-programmed death-1, anti-PD-1) or inhibitors its ligand, anti-PD-LI. The authors present two case reports of patients, who had an atypical response following immunotherapy. This was the persistent effect of immunotherapy, despite the progression on this treatment. The first patient had no need for another active oncology treatment for further 12 months after immunotherapy and the malignancy had not been significantly progressing. The second patient developed a significant response to chemotherapy following anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. This phenomenon, in the literature referred not quite correctly to as chemosensitization, is repetitively described. Next the authors also consider the possibilities of treatment of the next line after immunotherapy failure.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer has poor prognosis. In the absence of driving mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS, BRAF) or high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), chemotherapy or its combination with bevacizumab is the initial treatment option with respect to reimbursement conditions in the Czech Republic. The second line possibility is the use of immunotherapy with inhibitors of protein 1 of programmed cell death (anti-programmed death-1, anti-PD-1) or inhibitors its ligand, anti-PD-LI. The authors present two case reports of patients, who had an atypical response following immunotherapy. This was the persistent effect of immunotherapy, despite the progression on this treatment. The first patient had no need for another active oncology treatment for further 12 months after immunotherapy and the malignancy had not been significantly progressing. The second patient developed a significant response to chemotherapy following anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. This phenomenon, in the literature referred not quite correctly to as chemosensitization, is repetitively described. Next the authors also consider the possibilities of treatment of the next line after immunotherapy failure.
Immunotherapy and radiotherapy in locally advanced (metastatic) non‑small cell lung cancer
01/2020 Special Edition - MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.; MUDr. Hana Steinbergerová; prof. MUDr. Miloš Pešek, CSc.; prof. MUDr. Jindřich Fínek, Ph.D., MHA; MUDr. Tomáš Svoboda, Ph.D.
Non-small cell lung cancer even today is a big socioeconomic problem for beeing diagnosed in an advanced or metastatic stage in majority of tumors when our treatment methods available at that time unfortunately are not associated with satisfactory results except few patients with tumors carrying specific mutations. Radiochemotherapy remains the basic standard regimen while adding induction or maintenance cytotoxic treatment did not count for any other benefit. However, modern immunotherapy by PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors brings a huge hope today. Mainly it's combination with radiation therapy sensibilizing to a better immunotherapy effect could become a standard part in majority of treatment guidelines. In this context, hypofractionated radiation regimens with limited target volumes seem to be preferred to normofractionation and larger fields. The role of abscopal effect remains still uncertain.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Non-small cell lung cancer even today is a big socioeconomic problem for beeing diagnosed in an advanced or metastatic stage in majority of tumors when our treatment methods available at that time unfortunately are not associated with satisfactory results except few patients with tumors carrying specific mutations. Radiochemotherapy remains the basic standard regimen while adding induction or maintenance cytotoxic treatment did not count for any other benefit. However, modern immunotherapy by PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors brings a huge hope today. Mainly it's combination with radiation therapy sensibilizing to a better immunotherapy effect could become a standard part in majority of treatment guidelines. In this context, hypofractionated radiation regimens with limited target volumes seem to be preferred to normofractionation and larger fields. The role of abscopal effect remains still uncertain.
Carcinogenesis and lung cancer
02/2019 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D.
The article provides a basic orientation in the processes and concepts involved in carcinogenesis. It does not aim to bring exhaustive expert information, but in a simple and comprehensible form it presents a terminological interpretation of the terms commonly used by a beginning oncologist. These concepts are useful to know, but also to understand them. The article explains the characteristics of transcription of genetic information and protein synthesis, deals with both chromosomal and gene mutations. It describes the importance of genetic mutations for lung cancer.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
The article provides a basic orientation in the processes and concepts involved in carcinogenesis. It does not aim to bring exhaustive expert information, but in a simple and comprehensible form it presents a terminological interpretation of the terms commonly used by a beginning oncologist. These concepts are useful to know, but also to understand them. The article explains the characteristics of transcription of genetic information and protein synthesis, deals with both chromosomal and gene mutations. It describes the importance of genetic mutations for lung cancer.
Management of diarrhea as an undesirable effect of treatment with afatinib – case report
06/2017 MUDr. Gabriela Krákorová, Ph.D., MUDr. Hynek Mírka, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Miloš Pešek, CSc.
Afatinib is an oral preparation, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the second-generation EGFR. It is used in the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma in patients with positive mutations in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Afatinib as the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor EGFR demonstrated overall survival compared to chemotherapy in patients with positive EGFR mutation on exon 19 (prolongation of median survival by 12.2 months using afatinib). The most common side effects are rash, diarrhea, stomatitis and paronychia. To cope with side effects, patients need to be cooperative and well informed. At the clinic of pneumology and phthisiology, we have witnessed a brief written lesson that is part of a medical report. In the case of diarrhea, adequate hydration, dietary precautions, and the use of loperamide, which should be provided to patients immediately upon initiation of treatment with afatinib. The case study demonstrates good controlled side effects in collaborating patients with high adherence to treatment. In line with the literature, a good therapeutic effect remains unaffected even when reducing the daily dose of afatinib by half.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Afatinib is an oral preparation, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the second-generation EGFR. It is used in the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma in patients with positive mutations in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Afatinib as the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor EGFR demonstrated overall survival compared to chemotherapy in patients with positive EGFR mutation on exon 19 (prolongation of median survival by 12.2 months using afatinib). The most common side effects are rash, diarrhea, stomatitis and paronychia. To cope with side effects, patients need to be cooperative and well informed. At the clinic of pneumology and phthisiology, we have witnessed a brief written lesson that is part of a medical report. In the case of diarrhea, adequate hydration, dietary precautions, and the use of loperamide, which should be provided to patients immediately upon initiation of treatment with afatinib. The case study demonstrates good controlled side effects in collaborating patients with high adherence to treatment. In line with the literature, a good therapeutic effect remains unaffected even when reducing the daily dose of afatinib by half.