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Mechanism of HPV infection associated with head and neck tumors
01/2019 RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk; Mgr. Kristýna Glendová; prof. MUDr. Robert Gurlich, CSc.; prof. MUDr. František Mateička, CSc.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus with a tropism to skin epithelia and mucosa of genital tract or upper airways. It is transmitted mainly by sexual intercourse and enters the body through microscopic injuries. Based on their ability to induce cancer these were further divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Low-risk subgroup is responsible for the presence of viral verrucas. The high-risk subgroup is related to malignant anogenital dysplasias and also dysplasias in areas of head and neck. It is speculated that based on the change in profile of patients with HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) papilloma viruses increase the risk of cancer development and are causally related to the development of HNSCC independent of the two main carcinogens - tabaco and alcohol. Interestingly HPV positive HNSCC patients have dissimilar molecular characteristics and are related to better prognosis, therapy response and higher overall survival. They may profit from anti-EGFR therapy by cetuximab, but without defined predictors, such as those known in CRC patients.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus with a tropism to skin epithelia and mucosa of genital tract or upper airways. It is transmitted mainly by sexual intercourse and enters the body through microscopic injuries. Based on their ability to induce cancer these were further divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Low-risk subgroup is responsible for the presence of viral verrucas. The high-risk subgroup is related to malignant anogenital dysplasias and also dysplasias in areas of head and neck. It is speculated that based on the change in profile of patients with HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) papilloma viruses increase the risk of cancer development and are causally related to the development of HNSCC independent of the two main carcinogens - tabaco and alcohol. Interestingly HPV positive HNSCC patients have dissimilar molecular characteristics and are related to better prognosis, therapy response and higher overall survival. They may profit from anti-EGFR therapy by cetuximab, but without defined predictors, such as those known in CRC patients.
Cellular mechanisms and signal pathways transduction in pancreatic cancer
01/2018 As. RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk, PCTM; prof. MUDr. Robert Gurlich, DrSc.; doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.; Mgr. Zdeněk Musil; prof. MUDr. Luboš Petruželka, CSc.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.