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Neratinib in the context of an early breast cancer anti‑HER2 therapy
02/2020 Prof. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Early breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 [EGFR2]) positivity has a better chance of recovery due to the potential of targeted adjuvant and neoadjuvant anti-HER2 treatments. Nevertheless, 25% of patients who still have the disease, despite the treatment, remain mostly in the form of distant metastases. Therefore, it is sensible for patients at risk to enhance anti-HER2 treatment for early HER2 positive cancer. One option is prolonged adjuvant therapy with neratinib.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Early breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 [EGFR2]) positivity has a better chance of recovery due to the potential of targeted adjuvant and neoadjuvant anti-HER2 treatments. Nevertheless, 25% of patients who still have the disease, despite the treatment, remain mostly in the form of distant metastases. Therefore, it is sensible for patients at risk to enhance anti-HER2 treatment for early HER2 positive cancer. One option is prolonged adjuvant therapy with neratinib.
Nab-paclitaxel in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer
04/2018 Doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is able to convert unresectable breast tumors to resectable tumors and to provide more conservative surgery in some mastectomy candidates. Chemotherapy agents, including taxanes, which are recommended in the adjuvant setting, are also considered in the neoadjuvant setting. A number of clinical studies with nab paclitaxel have also been performed in the neoadjuvant setting. Nab-paclitaxel demonstrated antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. In some clinical trials, nab-paclitaxel was more effective than paclitaxel. Ongoing and future trials will further evaluate preoperative nab-paclitaxel in breast cancer, including in combination with many novel immunological targeted therapies.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is able to convert unresectable breast tumors to resectable tumors and to provide more conservative surgery in some mastectomy candidates. Chemotherapy agents, including taxanes, which are recommended in the adjuvant setting, are also considered in the neoadjuvant setting. A number of clinical studies with nab paclitaxel have also been performed in the neoadjuvant setting. Nab-paclitaxel demonstrated antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. In some clinical trials, nab-paclitaxel was more effective than paclitaxel. Ongoing and future trials will further evaluate preoperative nab-paclitaxel in breast cancer, including in combination with many novel immunological targeted therapies.
Cellular mechanisms and signal pathways transduction in pancreatic cancer
01/2018 As. RNDr. Ing. Libor Staněk, PCTM; prof. MUDr. Robert Gurlich, DrSc.; doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.; Mgr. Zdeněk Musil; prof. MUDr. Luboš Petruželka, CSc.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of human tumors. It is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. Worldwide, more than 300,000 new diseases are diagnosed annually and approximately the same number of patients die of this disease. In 2015, the incidence of 20/100,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic was the second highest in the world. Despite all the advances in modern oncology treatment, the long-term survival of people with this type of malignant growth is rather exceptional. Therefore, attention is focused on the genetic causes of this cancer. Essentially, this is a genetic disease where the exact sequence of somatic DNA mutations with a multistage process is known, with the cumulative effect of mutations obtained in both coding and regulatory genes, changes in ploidy, gene amplification, structural rearrangement, deletion or loss of heterozygosity. The most frequent mutations occur in the protooncogenes of K-ras and tumor suppressor genes p16, p53, BRCA2 and DPC4/SMAD4, leading to malignant change of the epithelium of leads.
Localization of right/left side of colorectal carcinomas and its importance in prognosis and therapy disease
05/2017 RNDr. Ing. Bc. Libor Staněk, prof. MUDr. Robert Gürlich, CSc., doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Colorectal cancer is a serious global disease with high incidence and mortality. With the development of diagnostics in molecular oncology, we try to find predictive and prognostic factors in the search for the most effective therapy. At present, it is a molecular testing of tumors prior to considering anti-EGFR therapy. The latest available studies, however, show that the carcinoma located in the right part of the intestine has a lower sensitivity and response to this treatment than the carcinoma on its left. The essence of this phenomenon remains a question. If these changes can be identified, they can be used to optimize therapy.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Colorectal cancer is a serious global disease with high incidence and mortality. With the development of diagnostics in molecular oncology, we try to find predictive and prognostic factors in the search for the most effective therapy. At present, it is a molecular testing of tumors prior to considering anti-EGFR therapy. The latest available studies, however, show that the carcinoma located in the right part of the intestine has a lower sensitivity and response to this treatment than the carcinoma on its left. The essence of this phenomenon remains a question. If these changes can be identified, they can be used to optimize therapy.
BRCA1/2 tumor mutation and „BRCAness“ of triple negative breast cancer
04/2017 RNDr. Ing. Bc. Libor Staněk, doc. MUDr. Petra Tesařová, CSc.
Triple negative breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 15-20 % of all breast carcinoma and is characterized by loss of expression of a-estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, predominantly low differentiation, mostly in the basal form of the subgroup. They are more common in younger women and are associated with the occurrence of hereditary or sporadic forms of breast cancer caused by a pathogenic mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene or another genetic disorder leading to HR-deficient tumors.
ENTIRE ARTICLE
Triple negative breast carcinoma accounts for approximately 15-20 % of all breast carcinoma and is characterized by loss of expression of a-estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, predominantly low differentiation, mostly in the basal form of the subgroup. They are more common in younger women and are associated with the occurrence of hereditary or sporadic forms of breast cancer caused by a pathogenic mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene or another genetic disorder leading to HR-deficient tumors.