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Subsolid lung nodulus in CT imaging in a female patient with colorectal carcinoma – case report
01/2021 MUDr. Vladimír Červeňák; MUDr. Alena Berková, Ph.D.; MUDr. Zdeněk Chovanec, Ph.D.; doc. MUDr. Jiří Vaniček, Ph.D.; MUDr. Tomáš Hanslík; MUDr. Sabina Svobodová
Lung cancer is the third most common malignant process in both women and men. Lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth is a variant that is characterized by its proliferative growth along intact alveolar walls. More women and non-smokers tend to be affected. Early diagnosis reveals a tumor process in the non-invasive or mini-invasive stage, and the prognosis for five-year survival is around 100%. The imaging method of choice is computed tomography, where a typical image of carcinoma with lepidic growth is the subsolid nodule. Theoretical information concerning this unusual diagnosis is supplemented in the article by a clear case report of a female patient with colorectal cancer and a subsolid nodulus of the left upper pulmonary lobe, in which histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth.
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Lung cancer is the third most common malignant process in both women and men. Lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth is a variant that is characterized by its proliferative growth along intact alveolar walls. More women and non-smokers tend to be affected. Early diagnosis reveals a tumor process in the non-invasive or mini-invasive stage, and the prognosis for five-year survival is around 100%. The imaging method of choice is computed tomography, where a typical image of carcinoma with lepidic growth is the subsolid nodule. Theoretical information concerning this unusual diagnosis is supplemented in the article by a clear case report of a female patient with colorectal cancer and a subsolid nodulus of the left upper pulmonary lobe, in which histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth.
Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix – case report
06/2020 MUDr. Alena Berková, Ph.D.; MUDr. Petr Vlček, Ph.D.; MUDr. Ilona Krejčová; MUDr. Tamara Vystrčilová; MUDr. Vladimír Červeňák; MUDr. Zdeněk Chovanec, Ph.D.; MUDr. Sabina Svobodová
Patient, 59year-old, with ulcerative colitis was examined with intermittent abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound examination was performed, mucocele of the appendix was suspected, and subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Mucocele is a cystic dilatation of the appendix caused by luminal obstruction leading to intraluminal mucous accumulation. Mucocele is very often asymptomatic. However, due to the potential malignancy and the risk of rupture with development of pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum, mucocele should be surgically removed. Laparoscopic appendectomy was indicated. Histological examination revealed low-grade mucinous neoplasia of appendix, evaluated as pTis according to WHO 2019 and 8th edition of the TNM classification. Surgical margins were without pathological involvement. According to the histological findings, appendectomy was a sufficient treatment mode, and the patient was further followed up in the oncology and gastroenterology outpatient department.
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Patient, 59year-old, with ulcerative colitis was examined with intermittent abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound examination was performed, mucocele of the appendix was suspected, and subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Mucocele is a cystic dilatation of the appendix caused by luminal obstruction leading to intraluminal mucous accumulation. Mucocele is very often asymptomatic. However, due to the potential malignancy and the risk of rupture with development of pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum, mucocele should be surgically removed. Laparoscopic appendectomy was indicated. Histological examination revealed low-grade mucinous neoplasia of appendix, evaluated as pTis according to WHO 2019 and 8th edition of the TNM classification. Surgical margins were without pathological involvement. According to the histological findings, appendectomy was a sufficient treatment mode, and the patient was further followed up in the oncology and gastroenterology outpatient department.
Epithelial tumors of the thymus and diagnostic options
05/2020 MUDr. Vladimír Červeňák, MUDr. Zdeněk Chovanec, Ph.D., MUDr. Alena Berková, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jiří Vaníček, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Hanslík, MUDr. Sabina Svobodová, MUDr. Robert Novák
Epithelial tumors are the most common tumors of the thymus. This group of tumors includes thymomas and thymic carcinoma and these tumors are very rare, although they are among the most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum in adults. The thymus is an organ of the immune system that can be routinely monitored by various chest examination methods. We encounter it more in children, but it is no exception in adults either. The problem in adults is its variable appearance, as it goes through the process of involution. Involution is support by the corticosteroids during excessive stress. Likewise, these conditions can change its shape and size. The basics of embryology, anatomy together with knowledge of imaging methods, are a necessary condition for accurate diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Only the correct identification of these pathologies allows you to choose the appropriate method of therapy.
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Epithelial tumors are the most common tumors of the thymus. This group of tumors includes thymomas and thymic carcinoma and these tumors are very rare, although they are among the most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum in adults. The thymus is an organ of the immune system that can be routinely monitored by various chest examination methods. We encounter it more in children, but it is no exception in adults either. The problem in adults is its variable appearance, as it goes through the process of involution. Involution is support by the corticosteroids during excessive stress. Likewise, these conditions can change its shape and size. The basics of embryology, anatomy together with knowledge of imaging methods, are a necessary condition for accurate diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Only the correct identification of these pathologies allows you to choose the appropriate method of therapy.
Differential diagnosis of presacral tumors
04/2020 MUDr. Alena Berková, Ph.D.; MUDr. Petr Vlček, Ph.D.; MUDr. Tamara Vystrčilová; MUDr. Ilona Krejčová; MUDr. Vladimír Červeňák; MUDr. Zdeněk Chovanec, Ph.D.; MUDr. Sabina Svobodová; prof. MUDr. Ivan Čapov, CSc.
Presacral tumors, whether benign or malignant, are rare and often asymptomatic in adults. Due to its rare incidence and specific placement, they can cause considerable difficulties in the diagnosis and the therapeutic process. The diagnosis is based on a carefully taken anamnesis, clinical findings and display methods. Treatment for presacral tumors is determined by the type of tumor, comorbidities, and age of the patient. It is necessary to take into consideration that with increasing age the size of the tumor increases, the probability of its malignancy increases, and last, but not least, the number of associated comorbidities also increase. Specifically, due to the possibility of growth and the risk of malignant reversal, presacral tumors are primarily indicated for surgical treatment, even though they are small or asymptomatic. Knowledge of the etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic procedures is important in the treatment of these tumors. Incorrect diagnosis or improper treatment can lead to adverse tumor development and significant morbidity.
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Presacral tumors, whether benign or malignant, are rare and often asymptomatic in adults. Due to its rare incidence and specific placement, they can cause considerable difficulties in the diagnosis and the therapeutic process. The diagnosis is based on a carefully taken anamnesis, clinical findings and display methods. Treatment for presacral tumors is determined by the type of tumor, comorbidities, and age of the patient. It is necessary to take into consideration that with increasing age the size of the tumor increases, the probability of its malignancy increases, and last, but not least, the number of associated comorbidities also increase. Specifically, due to the possibility of growth and the risk of malignant reversal, presacral tumors are primarily indicated for surgical treatment, even though they are small or asymptomatic. Knowledge of the etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic procedures is important in the treatment of these tumors. Incorrect diagnosis or improper treatment can lead to adverse tumor development and significant morbidity.
The targeted therapy of the patient with pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer in a the sequence of bevacizumab‑panitumumab‑regorafenib
01/2019 MUDr. Sabina Svobodová; MUDr. Adam Peštál, Ph.D.; MUDr. Igor Suškevič
In the course of the disease more than half of the patients with colorectal cancer creates metastases to distant organs. The liver is the first site of metastases in 80 %, followed by the lungs. The basis of the system of treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is chemotherapy. This targeted therapy increases its beneficence. An important therapeutic modality is surgical resection of metastases, which has the potential to improve overall survival, which today exceeds 30 months. The case report demonstrates that suitably elected treatment can achieve a multimodal overall survival of the patient and a good quality of life even in the metastatic stage of oncological disease approximately in years. It shows the current options for the targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. It confirms the long-term efficacy of the targeted treatment, maintaining good effect while applying a sequence of VEGF antibodies against anti EGFR inhibitor.
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In the course of the disease more than half of the patients with colorectal cancer creates metastases to distant organs. The liver is the first site of metastases in 80 %, followed by the lungs. The basis of the system of treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is chemotherapy. This targeted therapy increases its beneficence. An important therapeutic modality is surgical resection of metastases, which has the potential to improve overall survival, which today exceeds 30 months. The case report demonstrates that suitably elected treatment can achieve a multimodal overall survival of the patient and a good quality of life even in the metastatic stage of oncological disease approximately in years. It shows the current options for the targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. It confirms the long-term efficacy of the targeted treatment, maintaining good effect while applying a sequence of VEGF antibodies against anti EGFR inhibitor.
Clear cell renal carcinoma treated with cabozantinib in the METEOR study – case study
05/2017 MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D., MUDr. Sabina Svobodová, MUDr. Jiří Vaniček, Ph.D., Mgr. Pavlína Prosecká
Targeted treatment is currently a standard therapeutic method for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor including MET, VEGFR, and AXL. In a randomized phase III METEOR study, prolongation of survival in patients following prior VEGFR treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been demonstrated.
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Targeted treatment is currently a standard therapeutic method for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor including MET, VEGFR, and AXL. In a randomized phase III METEOR study, prolongation of survival in patients following prior VEGFR treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been demonstrated.